क्रिया के रूप : अंग्रेजी वाक्यों में क्रिया का सही रूप समय और आवश्यकता के अनुसार प्रयोग करना होता है. यह जानना महत्वपूर्ण है कि क्रिया का कौन सा रूप किस स्थिति में प्रयोग किया गया है. लगभग किसी भी क्रिया के चार रूप होते हैं, पहला रूप, दूसरा रूप, तिसरा रूप और चौथा रूप. यहां चौथे रूप को बनाना सबसे आसान है. क्रिया के रूप को बस ing लगाने से चौथा रूप तयार होता है.
अब देखते है, क्रिया के पहले रूप से दूसरा और तीसरा रूप कैसे बनता है.
1. क्रिया के प्रथम रूप से दूसरा और तीसरा रूप बनाते समय ED जोड़ा जाता है. फिर दुसरे और तिसरे रूप को बनाना कठीन नहीं है.
start-started-started
rain-rained-rained
wash-washed-washed
2. यदि क्रिया का पहला रूप E में समाप्त होता है, तो दूसरे और तीसरे रूप बनाते समय केवल D जोड़ा जाता है.
love-loved-loved
like-liked-liked
tire-tired-tired
3. यदि क्रिया Y से समाप्त होती है, तो Y के स्थान पर I लगाके, ED जोड़ दिया जाता है.
try-tried-tried
cry-cried-cried
carry-carried-carried
4. यदि क्रिया के प्रथम रूप के अंतिम अक्षर से पहले स्वर हो तो, दूसरे और तीसरे रूप बनाते समय अंतिम अक्षर दोहराया जायेगा और आगे ED लगाना है.
stop-stopped-stopped
rob-robbed-robbed
cook-cooked-cooked
अंग्रेजी में, अधिकांश क्रियाओं के दूसरे और तीसरे रूप नियमों के अनुसार बनाए जाते हैं. नीचे उन क्रियाओं की सूची दी गई है जिनके दूसरे और तीसरे रूप नियमों के अनुसार नहीं बने हैं.
write-wrote-written
go-went-gone
forget-forget-forgotten
change-changed-changed
teach-taught-taught
अब आइए क्रिया रूपों को विस्तार से देखते है.
क्रिया के रूप : Verbs form
क्रिया का पहला रूप दूसरा रूप तीसरा रूप
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Arise – Arose – Arisen = उठना
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Ask – Asked – Asked = पूछना
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Answer – Answered – Answered = जवाब देना
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Awake – Awoke – Awoken = जागना
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Be – Was/Were – Been = होना
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Become – Became – Become = बनना
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Begin – Began – Begun = शुरू करना
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Bend – Bent – Bent = मोड़ना
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Bet – Bet – Bet = शर्त लगाना
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Bind – Bound – Bound = बांधना
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Bite – Bit – Bitten = काटना
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Bleed – Bled – Bled = खून बहना
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Blow – Blew – Blown = फूंक मारना
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Break – Broke – Broken = तोड़ना
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Bring – Brought – Brought = लाना
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Build – Built – Built = बनाना
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Burn – Burnt – Burnt = जलाना
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Buy – Bought – Bought = खरीदना
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Catch – Caught – Caught = पकड़ना
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Choose – Chose – Chosen = चुनना
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Come – Came – Come = आना
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Cost – Cost – Cost = लागत आना
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Cut – Cut – Cut = काटना
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Dance – Danced – Danced = नाचना
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Deal – Dealt – Dealt = व्यवहार करना
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Dig – Dug – Dug = खोदना
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Do – Did – Done = करना
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Draw – Drew – Drawn = खींचना/चित्र बनाना
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Drink – Drank – Drunk = पीना
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Drive – Drove – Driven = चलाना
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Eat – Ate – Eaten = खाना
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Fall – Fell – Fallen = गिरना
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Feed – Fed – Fed = खिलाना
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Feel – Felt – Felt = महसूस करना
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Fight – Fought – Fought = लड़ना
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Find – Found – Found = पाना / ढूंढना
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Fly – Flew – Flown = उड़ना
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Forget – Forgot – Forgotten = भूलना
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Forgive – Forgave – Forgiven = माफ करना
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Freeze – Froze – Frozen = जमना
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Get – Got – Gotten/Got = पाना
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Give – Gave – Given = देना
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Go – Went – Gone = जाना
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Grow – Grew – Grown = बढ़ना / उगाना
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Hang – Hung – Hung = लटकाना / लटकना
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Have – Had – Had = पास होना
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Hear – Heard – Heard = सुनना
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Hide – Hid – Hidden = छिपाना / छिपना
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Hit – Hit – Hit = मारना
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Hold – Held – Held = पकड़ना
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Hurt – Hurt – Hurt = चोट पहुँचाना
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Keep – Kept – Kept = रखना
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Know – Knew – Known = जानना
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Lay – Laid – Laid = रखना
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Lead – Led – Led = नेतृत्व करना
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Learn – Learned/Learnt – Learned/Learnt = सीखना
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Leave – Left – Left = छोड़ना
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Lend – Lent – Lent = उधार देना
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Let – Let – Let = अनुमति देना
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Lie – Lay – Lain = लेटना
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Light – Lit – Lit = जलाना / रोशन करना
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Lose – Lost – Lost = खो देना
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Look – Looked – Looked = देखना
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Love – Loved – Loved = प्यार करना
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Laugh – Laughed – Laughed = हँसना
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Like – Liked – Liked = पसंद करना
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Live – Lived – Lived = रहना / जीना
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Lock – Locked – Locked = ताला लगाना
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Lean – Leaned/Leant – Leaned/Leant = झुकना
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List – Listed – Listed = सूची बनाना
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Leave – Left – Left = छोड़ना
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Look – Looked – Looked = देखना
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Love – Loved – Loved = प्रेम करना
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Laugh – Laughed – Laughed = हँसना
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Load – Loaded – Loaded = लादना
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Lift – Lifted – Lifted = उठाना
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Lie (tell a lie) – Lied – Lied = झूठ बोलना
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Lock – Locked – Locked = बंद करना
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Learn – Learnt/Learned – Learnt/Learned = सीखना
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Leave – Left – Left = छोड़ना
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Make – Made – Made = बनाना
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Mean – Meant – Meant = मतलब होना
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Meet – Met – Met = मिलना
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Mistake – Mistook – Mistaken = ग़लती करना
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Mix – Mixed – Mixed = मिलाना
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Move – Moved – Moved = हिलाना / चलाना
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Murder – Murdered – Murdered = हत्या करना
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Need – Needed – Needed = ज़रूरत होना
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Name – Named – Named = नाम रखना
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Notice – Noticed – Noticed = ध्यान देना
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Obey – Obeyed – Obeyed = आज्ञा मानना
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Open – Opened – Opened = खोलना
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Offer – Offered – Offered = प्रस्ताव देना
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Own – Owned – Owned = मालिक होना
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Pay – Paid – Paid = भुगतान करना
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Paint – Painted – Painted = रंग करना / चित्र बनाना
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Pass – Passed – Passed = पास करना / गुजरना
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Play – Played – Played = खेलना
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Plan – Planned – Planned = योजना बनाना
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Prepare – Prepared – Prepared = तैयारी करना
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Print – Printed – Printed = छापना
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Pull – Pulled – Pulled = खींचना
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Push – Pushed – Pushed = धक्का देना
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Put – Put – Put = रखना
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Quit – Quit – Quit = छोड़ना / त्यागना
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Rain – Rained – Rained = बारिश होना
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Read – Read – Read (रेड) = पढ़ना
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Ride – Rode – Ridden = सवारी करना
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Ring – Rang – Rung = घंटी बजाना / बजना
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Rise – Rose – Risen = उठना / चढ़ना
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Run – Ran – Run = दौड़ना
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Reply – Replied – Replied = उत्तर देना
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Remove – Removed – Removed = हटानाReturn – Returned – Returned = वापस आना / लौटाना
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Receive – Received – Received = प्राप्त करना
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Repeat – Repeated – Repeated = दोहराना
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Rescue – Rescued – Rescued = बचाना
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Roar – Roared – Roared = दहाड़ना
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Rent – Rented – Rented = किराये पर देना / लेनाRepair – Repaired – Repaired = मरम्मत करना
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Record – Recorded – Recorded = रिकॉर्ड करना
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Relax – Relaxed – Relaxed = आराम करना
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Refuse – Refused – Refused = मना करना
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Remind – Reminded – Reminded = याद दिलाना
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Reply – Replied – Replied = जवाब देना
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Resign – Resigned – Resigned = इस्तीफा देना
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Roam – Roamed – Roamed = घूमना
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Rise – Rose – Risen = उगना / बढ़ना
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Rub – Rubbed – Rubbed = रगड़ना
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Rush – Rushed – Rushed = जल्दी करना / दौड़ना
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Say – Said – Said = कहना
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See – Saw – Seen = देखना
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Sell – Sold – Sold = बेचना
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Send – Sent – Sent = भेजना
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Set – Set – Set = स्थापित करना / रखना
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Shake – Shook – Shaken = हिलाना / कांपना
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Shine – Shone – Shone = चमकना
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Shoot – Shot – Shot = गोली मारना
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Show – Showed – Shown = दिखाना
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Shut – Shut – Shut = बंद करना
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Sing – Sang – Sung = गाना
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Sink – Sank – Sunk = डूबना
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Sit – Sat – Sat = बैठना
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Sleep – Slept – Slept = सोना
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Slide – Slid – Slid = फिसलना
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Smell – Smelt/Smelled – Smelt/Smelled = सूंघना
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Speak – Spoke – Spoken = बोलना
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Spend – Spent – Spent = खर्च करना / बिताना
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Stand – Stood – Stood = खड़ा होना
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Start – Started – Started = शुरू करना
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Stay – Stayed – Stayed = रुकना / ठहरना
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Steal – Stole – Stolen = चुराना
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Stop – Stopped – Stopped = रोकना
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Study – Studied – Studied = पढ़ाई करना
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Succeed – Succeeded – Succeeded = सफल होना
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Suggest – Suggested – Suggested = सुझाव देना
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Support – Supported – Supported = समर्थन करना
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Suppose – Supposed – Supposed = मान लेना
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Surprise – Surprised – Surprised = चौंकाना
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Swim – Swam – Swum = तैरनाTake – Took – Taken = लेना
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Talk – Talked – Talked = बात करन
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Teach – Taught – Taught = पढ़ान
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Tell – Told – Told = बताना
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Think – Thought – Thought = सोचना
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Throw – Threw – Thrown = फेंकना
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Touch – Touched – Touched = छूना
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Travel – Travelled – Travelled = यात्रा करना
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Try – Tried – Tried = कोशिश करना
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Turn – Turned – Turned = मोड़ना / बदलना
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Type – Typed – Typed = टाइप करना
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Thank – Thanked – Thanked = धन्यवाद देना
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Translate – Translated – Translated = अनुवाद करना
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Tie – Tied – Tied = बांधना
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Tease – Teased – Teased = चिढ़ाना
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Tell – Told – Told = कहना / बताना
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Think – Thought – Thought = विचार करना
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Tremble – Trembled – Trembled = कांपना
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Train – Trained – Trained = प्रशिक्षण देना / लेना
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Throw – Threw – Thrown = फेंकना
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Understand – Understood – Understood = समझना
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Update – Updated – Updated = अपडेट करना
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Use – Used – Used = उपयोग करना
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Upset – Upset – Upset = दुखी करना / बिगाड़ना
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Unite – United – United = एकजुट होना
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Underline – Underlined – Underlined = रेखांकित करना
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Upload – Uploaded – Uploaded = अपलोड करना
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Urge – Urged – Urged = प्रेरित करना
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Undo – Undid – Undone = पूर्वस्थिति में लाना / खोलना
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Vacuum – Vacuumed – Vacuumed = वैक्यूम करना / साफ करना
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Value – Valued – Valued = महत्व देना
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Visit – Visited – Visited = मिलना / जाना
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Vote – Voted – Voted = वोट देना
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Vary – Varied – Varied = बदलना / विविध होना
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View – Viewed – Viewed = देखना
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Wait – Waited – Waited = प्रतीक्षा करना
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Wake – Woke – Woken = जागना / जगाना
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Walk – Walked – Walked = चलना
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Want – Wanted – Wanted = चाहना
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Warn – Warned – Warned = चेतावनी देना
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Wash – Washed – Washed = धोना
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Watch – Watched – Watched = देखना / निगरानी करना
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Wear – Wore – Worn = पहनना
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Weep – Wept – Wept = रोना
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Win – Won – Won = जीतना
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Wish – Wished – Wished = इच्छा करना
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Work – Worked – Worked = काम करना
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Write – Wrote – Written = लिखना
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Wipe – Wiped – Wiped = पोंछना
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Whistle – Whistled – Whistled = सीटी बजाना
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Wander – Wandered – Wandered = भटकना / घूमना
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Welcome – Welcomed – Welcomed = स्वागत करना
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Whisper – Whispered – Whispered = फुसफुसाना
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Worry – Worried – Worried = चिंता करना
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Wave – Waved – Waved = लहराना / हाथ हिलाना
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Warm – Warmed – Warmed = गर्म करना
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Work out – Worked out – Worked out = हल निकालना / कसरत करना
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Withdraw – Withdrew – Withdrawn = निकालना / हटाना
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Wreck – Wrecked – Wrecked = नष्ट करना
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Wonder – Wondered – Wondered = आश्चर्य करना / सोच-विचार करना
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Wriggle – Wriggled – Wriggled = ऐंठना / लहराना
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Wrinkle – Wrinkled – Wrinkled = झुर्री आना / सिकुड़ना
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Wrestle – Wrestled – Wrestled = कुश्ती लड़ना / संघर्ष करना
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Wrap – Wrapped – Wrapped = लपेटना
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Whip – Whipped – Whipped = कोड़ा मारना / तेजी से चलाना
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Whirl – Whirled – Whirled = चक्कर खाना / घूमना
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Wane – Waned – Waned = घटना / घटाव आना
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Wield – Wielded – Wielded = प्रयोग करना (जैसे हथियार का)
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Wink – Winked – Winked = आंख मारना
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Wobble – Wobbled – Wobbled = डगमगाना / हिलना
ऊपर दिए गए क्रियाओं पर ध्यान दें और उसकी बार-बार प्रैक्टिस करें.
अन्य ब्लोग्स को जरूर पढ़े
काल और उनके प्रयोग : Tenses and their uses
वाक्यों के प्रकार : Types of Sentences
